ABSTRACT
Background: A lot of recent researches have focused on the duration of the nature immunity elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. An improved understanding of the immunity offered by the antibodies developed against SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients is critical for the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. Methods: We enrolled 114 donors, which providing blood samples after discharge for half a year and one year. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were tested using a micro-neutralization assay. Results: In two tests, 82 of 114 recovered patients completed the first test half a year after discharge and NAbs remained detectable in the vast majority of patients (75/82, 91.46%). In the comparison of the two intervals, 50% (27/54) of individuals had increased NAbs titers. when 31.48% (17/54) of patients remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our results suggest that immune ability is acquired in most individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in a majority of patients for up to a year after recovery.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Coronavirus InfectionsABSTRACT
Background: Emerging infectious disease have brought a huge impact on human society in recent years. The outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas resulted in a large number of babies born with microcephaly. More seriously, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused the global spreads and immeasurable damages. Thus, the monitoring of highly pathogenic virus is of significance to the prevention and control of emerging infectious disease.ResultsHerein, a dendritic polymer probe-amplified ECL-scan imaging system was constructed to realize trace analysis of viral emerging infectious disease. Dendritic polymer probe was employed as the efficient signal giving-out component that could generate amplified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal on the integrated chip. And the signal was detected by a single-photon level charge coupled device-based ECL-scan imaging system. With this strategy,the ZIKV in the complex system of blood, urine and saliva were detected. The results indicated that high sensitivity of 50 copies and superior specificity were achieved. Furthermore, this strategy realized highly sensitive detection (10 copies) of S and N protein gene sequence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) and spiked pseudovirus samples.ConclusionsThus, the dendritic polymer probe-amplified ECL-scan imaging system suitably met the strict clinical-requirements for trace analysis of emerging virus, and thus has the potential to serve as a paradigm for monitoring of emerging infectious disease.
Subject(s)
Microcephaly , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Communicable Diseases , Emergencies , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia is very serious, and no effective antiviral treatment has been confirmed. The fresh drug research and development cycle is too long to meet clinical emergency needs, and "old drugs and brand new applications" have a huge therapeutic potential. During our previous treatment, we found that the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment recommended in the Fifth edition of the treatment plan had little effect. Earlier studies have shown that chloroquine can inhibit coronavirus replication through multiple mechanisms. Our previous use of chloroquine to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2(novel coronavirus)-infected pneumonia has a higher negative rate of nucleic acid in throat swabs within 5 days after administration than that using lopinavir/ritonavir. However, the half-life and side effects of chloroquine vary greatly among individuals. Methods/design We plan to conduct a prospective, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled, comprehensive treatment clinical study. The study consisted of three phases: a screening period of 1-110 days, a treatment period of no more than 28 days, and a follow-up period of 1 month. Participants will be assessed at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 21, and 28 after the intervention begins. In this study, chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir tablets were used to treat patients with eligible novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosed at various centers between February 12, 2020 and May 31, 2020. The efficacy and safety of chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir are to be evaluated. At the same time, explore the correlation between patient genetic polymorphisms and chloroquine steady-state concentration, therapeutic effects and adverse reactions in the body. It is an anti-virus for pneumonitis caused by novel coronavirus. The optimization and update of the antiviral treatment plan provides evidence-based evidence. Disscussion Our study is a prospective, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled, comprehensive treatment clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chloroquine phosphate and lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with mild/general COVID-2019. The results of this study will provide valuable clinical evidence for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections , PneumoniaABSTRACT
Background Effective therapies are urgently needed for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Chloroquine has been proved to have antiviral effect against coronavirus in vitro. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of chloroquine with different doses in COVID-19. Method In this multicenter prospective observational study, we enrolled patients older than 18 years old with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection excluding critical cases from 12 hospitals in Guangdong and Hubei Provinces. Eligible patients received chloroquine phosphate 500mg, orally, once (half dose) or twice (full dose) daily. Patients treated with non-chloroquine therapy were included as historical controls. The primary endpoint is the time to undetectable viral RNA. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with undetectable viral RNA by day 10 and 14, hospitalization time, duration of fever, and adverse events. Results A total of 197 patients completed chloroquine treatment, and 176 patients were included as historical controls. The median time to achieve an undetectable viral RNA was shorter in chloroquine than in non-chloroquine (absolute difference in medians -6.0 days; 95% CI -6.0 to -4.0). The duration of fever is shorter in chloroquine (geometric mean ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8). No serious adverse events were observed in the chloroquine group. Patients treated with half dose experienced lower rate of adverse events than with full dose. Conclusions Although randomised trials are needed for further evaluation, this study provides evidence for safety and efficacy of chloroquine in COVID-19 and suggests that chloroquine can be a cost-effective therapy for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , FeverABSTRACT
Background: Since the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the health system capacity in highly endemic areas has been overwhelmed. Approaches to efficient management are urgently needed. We aimed to develop and validate a score for early prediction of clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we included 1138 mild to moderate COVID-19 patients admitted to 33 hospitals in Guangdong Province from December 27, 2019 to March 4, 2020 (N =818; training cohort), as well as two hospitals in Hubei Province from January 21 to February 22, 2020 (N =320; validation cohort) in the analysis. Results: The 14-day cumulative incidences of clinical deterioration were 7.9% and 12.1% in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. An Early WArning Score (EWAS) (ranging from 0 to 4.5), comprising of age, underlying chronic disease, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels, was developed (AUROC: 0.857). By applying the EWAS, patients were categorized into low-, medium-, and high risk groups (cut-off values: two and three). The 14-day cumulative incidence of clinical deterioration in the low-risk group was 1.8%, which was significantly lower than the incidence rates in the medium- (14.4%) and high-risk (40.9%) groups (P
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak originating from Wuhan, China, poses a threat to global health. While it's evident that the virus invades respiratory tract and transmits from human to human through airway, other viral tropisms and transmission routes remain unknown. We tested viral RNA in stool from 73 SARS-CoV-2-infected hospitalized patients using rRT-PCR. 53.42% of the patients tested positive in stool. 23.29% of the patients remained positive in feces even after the viral RNA decreased to undetectable level in respiratory tract. The viral RNA was also detected in gastrointestinal tissues. Furthermore, gastric, duodenal and rectal epithelia showed positive immunofluorescent staining of viral host receptor ACE2 and viral nucleocapsid protein in a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results provide evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting its potential fecal-oral transmission route.